COPD

About COPD

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive lung disease that obstructs airflow and is most often caused by long-term tobacco smoke exposure. It encompasses chronic bronchitis and emphysema and produces chronic cough, sputum, and breathlessness that worsens over years. Spirometry confirms the diagnosis. Smoking cessation is the single most effective intervention; treatment otherwise includes long-acting bronchodilators, inhaled corticosteroids in select patients, pulmonary rehabilitation, vaccinations, and supplemental oxygen for advanced disease. Exacerbations are treated with bronchodilators, oral steroids, and antibiotics when bacterial infection is suspected.